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class Prior( object )	[source]

Base class defining prior distributions.

Two methods need to be defined in specific priors which map the values between [0,1] on to the domain, and vice versa unit2Domain and domain2Unit.

     u = domain2Unit( d )
     d = unit2Domain( u )

d is a value in the domain of the prior and u is a vlue in [0,1]

The handling of limits is relegated to this Prior class.

  Define
     umin = domain2Unit( lowLimit )
     urange = domain2Unit( highLimit ) - umin

     u = ( domain2Unit( d ) - umin ) / urange
     d = unit2Domain( u * urange + umin )

Symmetric priors can be used in a circular variant; i.e. the low and high limits are folded on each other, provided that the limit values are the same (hence symmetric)

     u = limitedDomain2Unit( d ) + 1 ) / 3
     d = limitedUnit2Domain( ( u * 3 ) % 1 )

The copy method is also necessary.

Attributes

• lowLimit : float
       low limit on the Prior
• highLimit : float
       high limit on the Prior
• deltaP : float
       width of numerical partial derivative calculation
• circular : bool or float
       whether circular

Hidden Attributes

• _lowDomain : float
       lower limit of the Priors possible values
• _highDomain : float
       upper limit of the Priors possible values
• _umin : float
       umin lowLimit in unit
• _urng : float
       urange (hi-lo) in unit

Prior( limits=None, circular=False, domain=[-math.inf,math.inf], prior=None )	[source]

Default constructor.

Parameters

• limits : None or list of 2 floats
       2 limits resp. low and high
• circular : bool or float
       False not circular
       True circular with period from limits[0] to limits[1]
       period of circularity
• domain : 2 floats
       over which the prior is defined
• prior : Prior
       prior to copy (with new limits if applicable)

copy( )	[source]

Return a copy

limitedIntegral( center=0, circular=False, limits=None )	[source]

Calculate the Integral of the prior where tails are cut off due to limits or circularity.

Parameters

• center : float
       of the prior
• circular : bool or float
       bool : y|n circular with period from limits[0] to limits[1]
       float :period of circularity
• limits : None or list of 2 float/None
       None : no limits.
       2 limits, resp low and high

setLimits( limits=None )	[source]

Set limits. It is asserted that lowLimit is smaller than highLimit.

Parameters

• limits : None or list of any combination of [None, float]
       None : no limit (for both or one)
       float : [low,high] limit

Raises
ValueError when low limit is larger than high limit or out of Domain

setPriorAttributes( limits, circular )	[source]

Set circular attributes.

Parameters

• limits : None or array of 2 floats
       defining the period
• circular : bool or float
       False pass
       True Calculate period and center from limits
       float period

isCircular( )	[source]

Whether circular

limitedDomain2Unit( dval )	[source]

Shrink domain to value in [0,1]

limitedUnit2Domain( uval )	[source]

Expand value in [0,1] to domain

circularDomain2Unit( dval )	[source]

Make domain circular in unit by shrinking: domain ==> unit ==> [1/3,2/3]

circularUnit2Domain( uval )	[source]

Unpack circular unit to domain: [1/3,2/3] ==> unit ==> domain

unsetLimits( )	[source]

Remove all limits.

setAttributes( limits=None, scale=None )	[source]

Set possible attributes for a Prior.

Parameters

• limits : float or None
       [low,high] limit
• scale : float or None
       scale factor

isOutOfLimits( par )	[source]

True if the parameter is out of limits

Parameters

• par : float or array_like
       the parameter to check

checkLimit( par )	[source]

Check whether the parameter is within limits.

Parameters

• par : float
       the parameter to check

Raises
     ValueError when outside limits.

stayInLimits( par )	[source]

Return lower limit or upper limit when parameter is outside.

Parameters

• par : float
       the parameter to check

hasLowLimit( )	[source]

Return true if the prior has its low limits set.

hasHighLimit( )	[source]

Return true if the prior has its high limits set.

hasLimits( )	[source]

Return true if it has any limits.

getLimits( )	[source]

Return the limits.

getIntegral( )	[source]

Return the integral of the prior over the valid range.

Default: 1.0 (for bound priors)

getRange( )	[source]

Return the range.

domain2Unit( dval )	[source]

Return a value in [0,1] given a value within the valid domain of a parameter for a distribution.

Parameters

• dval : float
       value within the domain of a parameter

unit2Domain( uval )	[source]

Return a value within the valid domain of the parameter given a value between [0,1] for a distribution.

Parameters

• uval : float
       value within [0,1]

result( p )	[source]

Return value of the Prior at a given value.

If result is not defined, fall back to numerical derivative of Domain2Unit.

Parameters

• p : float
       the value

partialDomain2Unit( p )	[source]

Return the derivative of Domain2Unit, aka the result of the distribution at p

Parameters

• p : float
       the value

logResult( p )	[source]

Return the log of the result; -inf when p == 0.

Parameters

• p : float
       the value

numPartialDomain2Unit( dval )	[source]

Return a the numeric derivate of the domain2Unit function to dval.

Parameters

• dval : float
       value within the domain of a parameter

partialLog( p )	[source]

Return partial derivative of log( Prior ) wrt parameter. default numPartialLog

Parameters

• p : float
       the value

numPartialLog( p )	[source]

Return the numeric partial derivative of log( Prior ) wrt parameter. Parameters
* p : float
     the value

isBound( )	[source]